Genistein improve nicotine toxicity on male mice pancreas / 대한해부학회지

Nicotine is the most toxic factor of tobacco. Genistein is a phytoestrogen and antioxidant that has numerous health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of genistein against toxic properties of nicotine to the pancreas of mice. For this purpose, 48 male mice were randomly assigned into six groups (n=8): normal control, nicotine control (2.5 mg/kg), genistein (25 and 50 mg/kg), and nicotine+genistein (25 and 50 mg/kg) treated groups. Various doses of genistein and genistein+nicotine were administered intraperitoneally to animals for 4 weeks. The weight of pancreas, total antioxidant capacity and nitrite oxide of serum, insulin levels, and the number and diameter of islets of Langerhans were investigated. Nicotine administration reduced significantly total antioxidant capacity, insulin, pancreas weight, and the number and diameter of islets of Langerhans and increased nitrite oxide in serum compared to the control normal group (P<0.05). Conversely, genistein and genistein+nicotine increased significantly insulin, total antioxidant capacity, and the number and diameter islets of Langerhans and decreased serum nitrite oxide compared to the nicotine control group. It seems that the genistein can improve pancreas damage following the nicotine administration.

Falcaria vulgaris extract attenuates diabetes-induced kidney injury in rats

Objective: To assess the effects of Falcaria vulgaris (F. vulgaris) as an antioxidant on damage to kidney of diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetic rats were established via streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Various doses of F. vulgaris extracts (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) and streptozotocin + F. vulgaris extracts were administered via intraperitoneal (i.p) injection to 48 rats (n=8 per group) for 28 d.Subsequently, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of renal tissue, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, blood glucose concentrations, insulin, nitrite oxide, the weight of animals,glomeruli characteristics and kidney function were evaluated.Results: Compared with the control rats, diabetic rats showed significant increase in malondialdehyde, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, blood glucose, nitrite oxide contents in renal tissues, and glomerular diameter. Furthermore, tissue FRAP level, body weight, number of glomeruli and plasma insulin were markedly reduced in diabetic rats when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). However, in all F. vulgaris and F. vulgaris + streptozotocin groups,malondialdehyde level, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glomerular diameter, nitrite oxide,and glucose levels were decreased significantly; meanwhile, tissue FRAP level, body weight,glomeruli number and insulin serum level were increased, compared to the control diabetic group (P < 0.05).Conclusions: F. vulgaris extract alleviates renal damage in diabetic rats.

Genistein Improves Liver Damage in Male Mice Exposed to Morphine / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Morphine is commonly used to treat severe pain. This substance is significantly metabolized in the liver and causes disturbing effects. Genistein is an isoflavone and has antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of genistein against morphine damages on mouse liver.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Between May 2017 and March 2018, 48 male mice were divided into six groups (n = 8 in each group). Various doses of genistein (25 and 50 mg/kg) and morphine plus genistein (25 and 50 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to 48 male mice for 20 consequent days. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum nitric oxide (NO) levels, liver weight, and the diameter of hepatocytes and central hepatic vein were studied and compared using one-way analysis of variance.</p><p><b>Results</b>Morphine administration significantly increased the mean diameter of the central hepatic vein (22.76 ± 1.9 μm vs. 15.04 ± 0.60 μm, χ = 21.814, P = 0.001) and hepatocytes (3.03 ± 0.10 μm vs. 1.10 ± 0.05 μm, χ = 9.873, P = 0.001) respectively, blood serum NO level (38.00% ± 2.09% vs. 18.72% ± 4.40%, χ = 20.404, P < 0.001), liver enzyme level (AST: 111.80 ± 5.10 ng/ml vs. 81.93 ± 2.20 ng/ml, χ = 32.201, P < 0.0001; ALT: 45.14 ± 4.10 ng/ml vs. 35.49 ± 2.50 ng/ml, χ = 18.203, P < 0.0001; and ALP: 3.28 ± 0.20 ng/ml vs. 2.14 ± 0.10, χ = 5.04, P < 0.0001, respectively), and decreased liver weight (18.50 ± 0.90 g vs. 27.15 ± 0.50 g, χ = 22.415, P = 0.001) compared to saline group (0.535-0.750, P < 0.0001). However, administration of genistein plus morphine significantly enhanced liver weight (25 mg/kg: 21.15 ± 2.13 g vs. 18.50 ± 0.90 g, χ = 19.251, P < 0.0001; 50 mg/kg: 21.20 ± 1.00 g vs. 18.5 ± 0.9 g, χ = 19.502, P < 0.0001, respectively) and reduced the mean diameter of hepatocyte (25 mg/kg: 2.17 ± 0.30 μm vs. 3.03 ± 0.10 μm, χ = 22.780, P = 0.001; 50 mg/kg: 2.01 ± 0.20 μm vs. 3.03 ± 0.10 μm χ = 7.120, P = 0.001, respectively), central hepatic vein (25 mg/kg: 19.53 ± 1.00 μm vs. 22.76 ± 1.90 μm, χ = 20.681, P = 0.001; 50 mg/kg: 19.44 ± 1.20 μm vs. 22.76 ± 1.90 μm, χ = 18.451, P = 0.001, respectively), AST (25 mg/kg: 95.40 ± 5.20 ng/ml vs. 111.80 ± 5.010 ng/ml, P < 0.0001; 50 mg/kg: 90.78 ± 6.00 ng/ml vs. 111.80 ± 5.10 ng/ml, χ = 17.112, P < 0.0001, respectively), ALT (25 mg/kg: 35.78 ± 5.01 ng/ml vs. 45.14 ± 4.10 ng/ml, χ = 15.320, P < 0.0001; 50 mg/kg: 33.78 ± 2.60 ng/ml vs. 45.14 ± 4.10 ng/ml, χ = 14.023, P < 0.0001, respectively), ALP (25 mg/kg: 2.35 ± 0.30 ng/ml vs. 3.28 ± 0.20 ng/ml, χ = 4.101, P < 0.0001; 50 mg/kg: 2.34 ± 0.10 ng/ml vs. 3.28 ± 0.20 ng/ml, χ = 2.033, P < 0.0001, respectively), and NO levels (25 mg/kg: 25.92% ± 2.30% vs. 38% ± 2.09%, χ = 17.103, P < 0.0001; 50 mg/kg: 24.74% ± 4.10% vs. 38% ± 2.09%, χ = 25.050, P = 0.001, respectively) compared to morphine group.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>It seems that genistein administration might improve liver damages induced by morphine in mice.</p>

The effects of crocin on the serum levels of sex hormone and NO in streptozotocin - induced diabetic rats

Background and Aim: Diabetes can lead to reduced fertility in men by production of free radicals. Crocin [the effective component of saffron] with its antioxidant property can be effective in elimination of free radicals. We evaluated the effects of crocin on the reproductive parameters of the STZ -induced diabetic male Wistar rats

Materials and Method: Rats were made diabetic with STZ [55 mg/kg]. The rats were divided randomly into 8 groups of seven: control group [normal Saline], STZ induced diabetic group, groups receiving 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg doses of crocin and STZ induced diabetic groups receiving the same doses of the crocin. These animals were kept under experimental conditions for 30 days. LH, FSH, testosterone and insulin hormones are measured .The significance of the results was examined by ANOVA statistical method

Results:Groups receiving crocin and STZ simultaneously showed significant increase [P <0.05] in the levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and insulin hormones compared to the groups receiving STZ

Conclusion: Crocin compensates for the most of degenerative effects of STZ-induced diabetes on the reproductive system of the male rats. It is a rich source of antioxidants and can positively affect most of the reproduction indexes in the rats in a dose depend manner

Effect of Genistein on reproductive parameter and serum nitric oxide levels in morphine-treated mice

Background: The predominant phytoestrogen in soy and derived products is the isoflavone Genistein. Genistein has antioxidant properties. Morphine is a main psychoactive chemical in opium that can increase the generation of free radicals and therefore it could adversely affects the spermatogenesis

Objective:The main goal was to investigate whether the Genistein could protect morphine adverse effects on sperm cells viability, count, motility, and testis histology and testosterone hormone and nitric oxide in blood serum

Materials and Methods:In this study, various doses of Genistein [0, 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg] and Genistein plus morphine [0, 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg] were administered interaperitoneally to 48 male mice for 30 consequent days. These mice were randomly assigned to 8 groups [n=6] and sperm parameters [sperm cells viability, count, motility and morphology], testis weight and histology, testosterone hormone [ELISA method], FSH and LH hormones [immunoradiometry] and serum nitric oxide [griess assay] were analyzed and compared

Results: The results indicated that morphine administration significantly decreased testosterone [0.03 ng/mg] LH and FSH level, histological parameters, count, viability [55.3%], morphology and motility of sperm cells [1%], testis weight [0.08 gr] and increase nitric oxide compared to saline group [p=0.00]. However, administration of Genistein and Genistein plus morphine significantly boosted motility, morphology, count, viability of sperm cells, seminiferous tubules diameter, germinal thickness, testosterone, LH and FSH while decrease nitric oxide level in all groups compared to morphine group [p<0.025]

Conclusion:It seems that Genistein administration could increase the quality of spermatozoa and prevent morphine- induced adverse effects on sperm parameters

Crocin improves damage induced by nicotine on a number of reproductive parameters in male mice

Background: Crocin, a carotenoid isolated from Crocus sativus L. [saffron], is a phar-macologically active component of saffron. Nicotine consumption can decrease fertility in males through induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of crocin on reproductive parameter damages in male mice exposed to nicotine

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we divided 48 mice into 8 groups [n=6 per group]: control [normal saline], nicotine [2.5 mg/kg], crocin [12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg] and crocin [12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg]+nicotine [2.5 mg/kg]. Mice received once daily intraperitoneal injections of crocin, nicotine and crocin+nicotine for 4 weeks. Sperm parameters [count, motility, and viability], testis weight, seminiferous tube diameters, testosterone, and serum nitric oxide levels were analyzed and compared

Results: Nicotine administration significantly decreased testosterone level; sperm count, viability, and motility; testis weight and seminiferous tubule diameters compared to the control group [P<0.05]. However, increasing the dose of crocin in the crocin and crocin+nicotine groups significantly boosted sperm motility and viability; seminiferous tubule diameters; testis weight; and testosterone levels in all groups compared to the nicotine group [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Crocin improves nicotine-induced adverse effects on reproductive parameters in male mice

therapeutic effect of the aqueous extract of boswellia serrata on the learning deficit in kindled rats

It has been reported that epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system that causes memory impairment. This study examines the role of the aqueous extract of Boswellia on the learning disability of the pentylenetetrazol [PTZ]-induced kindled rats. In this experimental study, 64 male rats were used. Kindling seizures were induced by three injections of 25 mg/kg of PTZ every 15 min. Control animals received normal saline instead. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Boswellia extract on the PTZ-induced cognitive deficits, the aqueous extract [0, 0.1, 0.5 or 1 g/kg, i.p.] were administrated to all animals for three consecutive days. At 24 h later, passive avoidance learning of animals was examined using shuttle box apparatus, respectively. The time required for the animal stepping through the dark chamber was determined as step through latency [STL]. Data were subjected to the t-test and analysis of variance and followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. The STL of the kindled rats was significantly reduced compared with control ones [22/375 +/- 4/19 for kindled and 295 +/- 15/71 for control groups, respectively]. Aqueous extract of Boswellia improved passive-avoidance learning ability in both control and PTZ-kindled animals [P < 0.05]. The results can be stated that the Boswellia extract is offset by harmful effects of seizures on cognitive function and consumption of Boswellia extract increases the learning ability in epileptic animals

Protective effect of Urtica dioica L against nicotine induced damage on sperm parameters, testosterone and testis tissue in mice

Nicotine consumption can decrease fertility drive in males by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage. Urtica dioica L [U.dioica] is a multipurpose herb in traditional medicine for which some anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties have been identified. The main goal is to investigate whether the U.dioica could inhibit nicotine adverse effects on sperm cells viability, count, motility, and testis histology and testosterone hormone. In this study, hydro-alcoholic extract of U.dioica was prepared and various doses of U.dioica [0, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg] and U.dioica plus nicotine [0, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg] were administered intraperitoneally to 56 male mice for 28 consequent days. These mice were randomly assigned to 8 groups [n=7] and sperm parameters [sperm cells viability, count, motility, and morphology], testis and prostate weight, testis histology and testosterone hormone were analyzed and compared. The results indicated that nicotine administration [0.5 mg/kg] significantly decreased testosterone level, count and motility of sperm cells, and testis weight compared to control group [p=0.00]. However, increasing the dose of U.dioica significantly boosted motility, count, normal morphology of sperm cells, seminiferous tubules diameter, and testosterone in all groups compared to control [p=0.00] and testis weight in 20 and 50 mg/kg doses in comparison with control group [p=0.00]. It seems that U.dioica hydro-alcoholic extract administration could increase the quality of spermatozoa and inhibits nicotine-induced adverse effects on sperm parameters

Combination of salermide and cholera toxin b induce apoptosis in MCF-7 but not in MRC-5 cell lines

Sirtuin1 is an enzyme that deacetylates histones and several non-histone proteins including P53 during the stress. P300 is a member of the histone acetyl transferase family and enzyme that acetylates histones. Hereby, this study describes the potency combination of Salermide as a Sirtuin1 inhibitor and cholera toxin B [CTB] as a P300 activator to induce apoptosis Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 [MCF-7] and MRC-5. Cells were cultured and treated with a combination of Salermide and CTB respectively at concentrations of 80.56 and 85.43 micro mol/L based on inhibitory concentration 50 indexes at different times. The percentage of apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to estimate the messenger ribonucleic acid expression of Sirtuin1 and P300 in cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Bradford protein techniques were used to detect the endogenous levels of total and acetylated P53 protein generated in both cell lines. Our findings indicated that the combination of two drugs could effectively induced apoptosis in MCF-7 significantly higher than MRC-5. We showed that expression of Sirtuin1 and P300 was dramatically down-regulated with increasing time by the combination of Salermide and CTB treatment in MCF-7, but not MRC-5. The acetylated and total P53 protein levels were increased more in MCF-7 than MRC-5 with incubated combination of drugs at different times. Combination of CTB and Salermide in 72 h through decreasing expression of Sirtuin1 and P300 genes induced acetylation of P53 protein and consequently showed the most apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, but it could be well-tolerated in MRC-5. Therefore, combination of drugs could be used as an anticancer agent

Frequency of cleft lip and palate among live births in Akbar Abadi hospital

Cleft lip and cleft palate are one of the most frequent congenital anomalies worldwide. This study was conducted in order to measure the frequency of cleft lip and palate among live births in Akbar Abadi Hospital. This is a descriptive study, dealing with 57526 cases of live birth out of 59477 medical files in Akbar Abadi Hospital from 2004 to 2008. All the collected data were recorded in specific data sheets. The frequency of cleft lip or palate or both was 103 cases in 57526 live births, which is 1.79 per 1000 live births. The frequency of cleft lip, cleft palate and concurrent cleft lip and palate were 0.53, 0.33 and 0.92 per 1000 live births respectively. Among the newborns with any type of this anomaly, 53 [51.5%] were males and 50 [48.5%] were females. Twenty nine neonates [28.2%] had limb anomalies, 13 [12.6%] had syndromic features, 4 [3.9%] had limb anomalies and syndromic features, and 3 [2.9%] had cardiovascular anomalies. Our study indicates a frequency of cleft lip and/or palate near to the average international figure, and close to the findings in European and East Asian countries. Furthermore, the frequency of cleft lip and palate in our study was different from American countries and India probably due to ethnic differences

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 enzyme by aqueous extract of elaegnus angustifolia in mice

Introduction: It has been shown that the extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia can inhibit inflammation and pain induced by formalin in mice and rats. The aim of the present study is to reach evaluations of possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of Elaeagnus angustifolia extract in reducing pain and inflammation through examining the extract ability for inhibition of cyclooxygenase [Cox] type 1 and 2 enzymes and corticosterone release from adrenal glands in mice. Methods: Male Swiss Webster mice were evaluated through the injection of 2 µliters to the plantar part of right foot. Elaeagnus angustifolia extract was injected to the animals 30 minutes before formalin. In order to evaluate the mechanism of extract, naloxone and memantine were administered intrapretonealy 30 minutes before the extract administration. In separate groups, after injection of extract, blood samples were taken from animals and corticosterone concentrations were measured. In an in vitro study the effect of extract on the activity of cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 was assessed. Results: the research data showed the ineffectiveness of the extract on acute phase of pain induced by formalin but it completely inhibits the chronic phase. Naloxone and Memantine administration had no effect on the efficacy of extract in the chronic phase. Also the extract administration did not increase the plasma concentration of corticosterone in mice, but in vitro inhibited Cox1 and Cox 2 enzymes. Discussion: These results indicate that Elaeagnus angustifolia extract probably reducesww pain and inflammation caused by formalin in mice by inhibiting cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 enzymes